The Discovery of the Theory of Natural Selection by Darwin Research Paper

The Discovery of the Theory of Natural Selection by Darwin - Research Paper Example No theory has been as revolutionary or as controversial as the theory by Charles Darwin in his thoughts on natural selection. This paper shall discuss the discovery of the theory of natural selection by Darwin. It shall first present a summary of the scientific theories about evolution before Darwin’s discovery of natural selection. It shall also provide a description of how the discovery was made, including what was going on in Darwin’s life for him to make the discovery. It shall then present a description of natural selection in terms of the modern evolutionary synthesis of the 20th century. Finally, this paper shall also apply the principles of natural selection, explaining why we have the current problem of bacteria which has become resistant to antibiotics. Discussion Evolutionary theories were first seen with the Greek philosophers who adhered to the ideas of origination, setting forth that all things originate from water or air, and that all matters come from on e central and guiding principle (Think Quest). Medieval theories on evolution were dominated by Christianity and its teachings. Immanuel Kant set forth that based on similar qualities of organisms, all organisms come from a single source. He further discussed that a chimpanzee may develop organs which he would use for walking and grasping objects, and from these organs, the structure of man may evolve and develop into a social culture (Think Quest). Carolus Linnaeus first believes in a fixed quality or nature of species; however, with hybridization, he soon found out that new species can be built from the original species. He also considers hybridization as part of God’s plan. The British Admiralty in 1831 invited a naturalist to travel with Capt. Robert Fitzroy on a voyage in the HMS Beagle to survey Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, Chile, Peru, and the Pacific Islands. Charles Darwin was recommended to join this voyage, and he journeyed with the Beagle for five years (Vardiman) . His tour of the Cape Verde Islands provided him a practical application of Charles Lyell Principles of Geology with his views of volcanoes and other geological formations. In his tour, he was able to witness massive erosion downstream coming from glaciers. He then thought that the glaciers could not have been formed the way they did if the explanations of the Bible would be believed (Vardiman). He then considered truths in the explanations of Lyell and his doctrine of uniformitarianism. He saw his first tropical rain forest in Brazil and his first fossils in Argentina. He also saw the tribe of savage men in Tierra del Fuego, then he experienced his first earthquake in Chile. He climbed mountains, he observed finchs with varying beak lengths and he travelled the Galapagos islands, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Brazil, and then back to England (Vardiman). His theories stemmed from his travels on board the Beagle. His initial interests were on the geological, as evidenced by his first published books. After his voyage on the Beagle, he also attempted to explain his observations on birds and tortoises on the Galapagos Island. He then went on to consider explanations and theories in relation to anatomy, embryology, and geographical distribution (Vardiman). The concept of natural selection was eventually established due to the selection pressure which he related to the ecological niches of the different species. His theory was the first to â€Å"provide evidence for evolution and to explain how the process of natural selection produces adaptation† (Vardiman). Darwin approached natural selection from various perspectives and he discussed that due to the

Marketing Law Team Meeting Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Law Team Meeting - Research Proposal Example It will be an uphill task to satisfactorily answer their queries. We are about to get our produce manufactured from China. The goods that we get manufactured from China and pass off as our own raises legal issues that do not act in our favor. The consumer buys the product in the belief that it is manufactured by us. In the event there is a mismatch in the outcome of the use of the product, we could face charges of misleading the consumer. Other than this, it could also land us on charges of false representation. We could also face intent to defraud. I am aware that we are outsourcing the manufacture due to labor cost constraints. There may be others who are already manufacturing their goods from China. However, let us take a long term view. We want to survive in this business. Let us scout for more competitive destinations. We need not make cost the determining factor. We may have to make the consumer pay more. Nonetheless, the consumer will even buy it. I am not trying to tar whole China with one brush. I am not saying that the Chinese only produce inferior goods. However, the track record of that country will keep us on our toes. We will have to have the goods checked for any compromise on quality before packaging them. We will have to have a system in place whereby the goods are always checked before they are packaged. This exercise will add to our costs and we will have to ensure that it is in place for all the time we continue to receive goods from China. There isn't any possibility of the situation changing in China in the foreseeable future. The Australian customer wants the best quality. We have to make sure that the product we offer is the best and has the potential to be among the top manufacturing competitors. We have to contend not only with individual cases, but also a whole lot of groups. When a flaw is noticed in the product it will lead the consumer to the retailer and then to the company. It will not be possible to square up to the customer. The word will spread. The cost for reparation will be enormous. Let us be more pragmatic in our approach. Let us be more competitive. We will consider other destinations. Let not the cost factor limit our choice to China alone. There are others in better situation where the cost may be more but we may not have to preoccupy ourselves in matters regarding quality. Litigation in China The social and economic conditions in China are changing very fast. Public Interest Litigations (PILs) are filed in courts for social injustices. There are non-government organizations that take up issues to deal with human rights, racial or sexual abuses. However, there is silence on issues concerning economic offences. It is not very clear how far we could get on issues of economy. The system moves very slowly and it rarely favors the litigant. The outcome of many cases is unknown (Public Interest Litigation in China). Conclusion It is good to see the end from the beginning. As of now, we are not in a position to do business with China. In our line of business, we cannot compromise on quality. The product we are offering must be near perfect. We must face our consumers. Our consumers are demanding. They are asking for the best. The legal implications are clear. We cannot hide from the law. Our business requires us